昆明市社区居民与出租车驾驶员COPD的患病情况

目的通过对社区居民及出租车驾驶员慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的筛查,了解其不同的患病率和可能的患病因素,并探讨有效的预防控制措施。方法 2010年6月—2011年3月分别调查了社区居民596人和出租车驾驶员507人,首先进行问卷调查,随后进行肺通气功能检查,发现COPD病例。结果总人群中社区居民平均年龄大于出租车驾驶员,COPD患病率差异无统计学意义;≥40岁人群中社区居民平均年龄大于出租车驾驶员,COPD患者平均年龄社区居民大于出租车驾驶员;社区居民COPD患病率小于出租车驾驶员;总人群中轻、重度和极重度COPD患者,社区居民患病率高于出租车驾驶员。结论出租车驾驶员COPD患病年龄小于社区居民,而COPD患病率高于社区居民,分析与出租车驾驶员主动和被动吸烟、接触汽车尾气多、工作环境空气污染重有关,需加强对出租车驾驶员防控COPD的教育。     

Craniocerebral injuries in traffic accidents with fatal outcomes

Research into crainiocerebral injury (CCI) characteristics of traffic accidents with fatal outcomes, as well as certain types of CCIs and defined categories of traffic participants, has been conducted. The research data were obtained from autopsy protocols at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Serbia. Out of the 202 cases of individuals who had been fatally injured in traffic accidents, CCIs were diagnosed in 82.7% of them. The highest percentage of CCIs was established for front-seat passengers (95%), while for drivers it was 86.2%, pedestrians 78%, and 76% for rear-seat passengers. The domination of males among the deceased was also found, mostly as drivers (92%). The majority of individuals who experienced a CCI were in the age group of 21 to 30 years old, while pedestrians were commonly older than 60. In these cases, a high frequency of skull fractures was usually localized in different cranial regions (67.7%). In the majority of cases with CCIs (81.4%), these injuries contributed to an ultimate fatal outcome, mainly in pedestrians (93%). Fatal and non-fatal CCIs resulting from traffic accidents can result in significant socio-economic consequences for the individual and society as a whole that include specifically the ongoing costs and outcomes in cases from non-fatal injuries.     

The first case of lung carcinosarcoma harboring in-frame deletions at exon19 in the EGFR gene

Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene play a critical role in carcinogenesis of lung cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, no mutations of the EGFR in patients with lung carcinosarcoma have been identified. We herein report the case of a 61-year-old female referred for a detailed examination of a left pulmonary mass shadow. Although bronchoscopy was performed, it failed to lead to a diagnosis, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was therefore carried out to diagnose the tumor. The pathology revealed biphasic features consisting of both adenocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma. Intriguingly, both the adenocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma components were proven to harbor an exon19 deletion in the EGFR gene. Although carcinosarcoma is a rare malignancy of the lungs, genetic analyses of oncogenic drivers, such as the EGFR gene, should be conducted.     

Self-reported health conditions and related driving reduction in older drivers

Abstract

We surveyed self-reported lifetime health conditions (using National Health and Aging Trends Study questions) and related driving reduction in a large multi-site older driver cohort (n?=?2990) from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) Study’s baseline assessment. Those reporting reduced driving (n?=?337) largely attributed reduction to musculoskeletal (29%), neurologic (13%), and ophthalmologic (10%) conditions. Women reported health condition-related driving reduction more often than men (14% versus 8%, p<.001). Mobility affects well-being; health professionals should consider that health conditions may cause older adults to reduce driving. Gender differences deserve attention in future research and education efforts.     

基于CAN的通讯适配器的开发

CAN总线上的节点是网络上的信息接收和发送站,本文介绍CAN总线系统智能结点接口电路的设计;CAN接口电路软件的设计,解决传统的RS232接口设备向CAN接口转换的问题。     

A process evaluation of tobacco-related outcomes from a telephone and print-delivered intervention for motor freight workers

Interventions are needed to address the high prevalence of tobacco use among blue-collar, motor freight workers in the United States. In the present study, we conducted an evaluation of the Gear Up for Health study to evaluate which intervention components associated with this print- and telephone counseling-based tobacco intervention were associated with affecting psychosocial indicators of future quitting, number of quit attempts, and quitting tobacco. The sample is comprised of 64 baseline tobacco users. The intervention components evaluated were receipt of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), aspects of the counseling calls, the targeted and tailored print materials, and goal setting. The results indicated that several intervention components were related to tobacco cessation, and less frequently related to psychosocial indicators (i.e. intention and self-efficacy) and quit attempts. A higher percentage of those who quit using tobacco, versus not quitting, thought the number of calls were just right (100% vs. 75%), received NRT (87% vs. 56%), read most or all of the materials (100% vs. 70%), found the materials to be very helpful (87% vs. 30%), set tobacco goals (93% vs. 58%) and met these goals (100% vs. 44%) (p ≤ 0.05 for all). These results may be used in planning future interventions and indicated that perceptions of materials, call number, and call content may be more important than absolute call number or duration. Thus, the number and duration of counseling calls may be flexible and determined in response to the needs of participants.     

北京地区出租车司机血清生化指标调查

目的 探讨出租车司机与普通人群血清生化指标差异.方法 用全自动生化分析仪分别对出租车司机与普通人群的血清生化指标进行分析,比较其差异性.结果 除20～29岁年龄段血肌酐检测结果正常外,男性出租车司机各生化指标异常率明显高于普通体检人群(P＜0.05).女性出租车司机各生化指标检测也得到了相似结果.结论 出租车司机由于职业原因身体健康状况较差,需引起更广泛的关注.     

基于通用串行总线的主机与小型医学仪器互连的研究

目的 探讨实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方法，以便最终实现小型医学仪器的网络化。方法 本文提出了利用通用串行总线（USB）实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方案，同时解决了此方案中最关键的技术，即如何利用USB总线实现医学仪器的实时数据采集和传输，具体工作包括硬件设计、固体设计、驱动程序设计和应用程序设计。结果 利用USB总线实现了医学信号的实时数据采集和传输，为下一步实现医学仪器与主机互连打下了基础。结论 利用通用串行总线实现主机与小型医学仪器的互连是可行的。     

基于PCI总线的超声多普勒血流测速系统研究

PCI总线是目前比较先进的PC机总线，已经取代了ISA总线，成为PC机总线的主流。基于PCI总线的超声多普勒血流测速系统，系统硬件为一块PCI插卡，卡上集成了获取多普勒信号的模拟电路和多普勒信号高速数据采集的数字电路，系统软件是用基于win2000的Vc＋＋6．0开发的，由于本系统采用先进的PCI技术，因此可以对数字化的超声多普勒血流信号进行实时地时频分析，在大降低信号噪声的同时，提取有用信息，有利于病变分析。     

重庆市道路交通事故伤中驾驶员及相关情况分析

目的：探讨作为道路交通事故主体的驾驶员在交通事故发生时的特点及规律。方法：随机对1988-1997年十年间重庆市市区、近郊、郊县及高速公路6个交通警察大队的交通事故资料进行回顾性抽样调查研究。结果：（1）调查登记肇事驾驶员8329人，男：女=28.9：1，平均事故年龄31.3岁；（2）驾龄在2年以内的肇事驾驶员占49.89％；（3）与驾驶员有关的责任事故6858起，占82.34％，98.12％的事故原因系人为因素造成；（4）肇事机动车以小型客车和大型货车为主，占57.17％；非机动车事故中自行车占75.29％；（5）驾驶员主要受伤部位为头面部，占57.70％，下肢占31.22％。结论：重视驾龄在2年以内驾驶员的驾驶技术培训和安全意识教育，加强小型客车和大型货车的交通管制，严格遵守交通规则，是减少交通事故的有效措施，安全带的使用是减少驾驶员伤亡的有效方法。